An inverter is a converter that converts DC power into fixed-frequency, constant-voltage or frequency-regulated and voltage-regulated alternating current, that is, DC to AC. The power adapter of a common electrical appliance is a converter that converts alternating current from the power grid into direct current, AC to DC, for use by home appliances. The inverter works in the opposite direction and is a process of voltage inversion, hence its name.
The inverter in the photovoltaic system converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic panels into alternating current, so that it can be connected to the grid and the electricity can be exported to the grid to sell money.
The photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system mainly consists of photovoltaic panels, combiner boxes, grid-connected inverters, step-up transformers, etc. The photovoltaic modules convert solar energy into DC power. The combiner box combines the DC power emitted by the photovoltaic array. The inverter converts the DC power into a sine wave current with the same frequency and controllable phase amplitude as the grid. Finally, the transformer matches the grid voltage and outputs it to Grid.
Inverters in photovoltaic power generation systems
In addition to converting DC to AC, inverters in photovoltaics now also have other important functions. For example, automatic operation and shutdown, maximum power tracking control, prevention of independent operation, automatic voltage adjustment, DC detection function, DC ground detection function, etc. can maximize the performance of solar cells and prevent system failures.
When the sun comes out in the morning, the intensity of sunlight gradually increases, and the output of the photovoltaic panels also gradually increases. When the output power required for the inverter is reached, the inverter starts to operate automatically. The inverter will always press the output of the battery components and continue to run; when the sun goes down or the weather is dark, the output of the battery components becomes smaller and the inverter output approaches 0, the inverter automatically enters the standby state.
The conversion rate of a photovoltaic inverter refers to the efficiency with which the inverter converts the electricity emitted by the photovoltaic panel into electricity. The higher the conversion efficiency of the inverter, the more electricity can be used or sold at home, and the income will be higher.
There are many types of photovoltaic inverters
Independent inverter: A single inverter is connected to a set of photovoltaic panels, suitable for small and medium-sized photovoltaic power generation systems.
Central inverter: A large inverter connected in series and parallel with multiple groups of photovoltaic panels. It is suitable for large-scale photovoltaic power generation systems and has the advantages of centralized monitoring and control.
Microinverter: Each photovoltaic panel is equipped with a microinverter, which works independently and is suitable for scenarios where power generation efficiency and flexibility need to be optimized.
The role of inverters in the photovoltaic industry
In the photovoltaic power generation system, the inverter is one of the main cores. The R&D and production of inverters are also important links in the photovoltaic industry chain.
The development of the photovoltaic industry continues to put forward new requirements for equipment technology. In the past 10 years, inverter technology has continued to innovate, from high failure rates to high reliability, and from high labor costs to intelligent operation and maintenance, which has effectively promoted the high-quality development of the photovoltaic industry.
The car can use the inverter to connect the battery to drive the electrical appliances to work. Car inverters output through cigarette lighters have power specifications of 20W, 40W, 80W, 120W to 150W. Higher power inverter power supplies need to be connected to the battery through connecting wires. By connecting household appliances to the output of the power converter, various appliances can be used in the car.