A solar cell is a device that responds to light and can convert light energy into electricity. There are many kinds of materials that can produce photovoltaic effect, solar panel such as: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, solar panel amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, indium copper selenide and so on. Their power generation principles are basically the same. Now we take crystalline silicon as an example to describe the photovoltaic power generation process. P-type crystalline silicon can be doped with phosphorus to obtain N-type silicon, solar panel forming a P-N junction.
When the light irradiates the surface of the solar cell, part of the photons are absorbed by the silicon material;solar panel the energy of the photons is transferred to the silicon atoms, solar panel causing the electrons to undergo transitions, becoming free electrons, gathering on both sides of the PN junction to form a potential difference. Under the action of this voltage, solar panel there will be a current flowing through the external circuit to produce a certain output power. The essence of this process is: the process of converting photon energy into electrical energy.