At the World Leaders' Climate Summit, China made it clear that the key to green development is "green and low-carbon development of energy."
Electricity, as a secondary energy source transformed from primary energy, has the characteristics of convenience and cleanliness, and has become the most widely used energy source. However, electricity production consumes a lot of fossil energy and water resources, and emits a lot of air pollutants such as dust, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. Therefore, the realization of power transformation and green development has become the key to today's energy revolution.
Green and low-carbon development of energy China is the world's largest power production and consumption country, and its installed power generation capacity and power generation capacity rank first in the world. In 2020, among the installed capacity of China's power generation, the most important component is coal power, which accounts for 49.1% of the total installed capacity. This is the first time that it has fallen below 50%, and the power generation still remains at 60%.
The carbon emission of photovoltaic power generation is one-tenth to one-twentieth that of fossil energy power generation. It is a true low-carbon energy source, but photovoltaic power generation currently only accounts for 3.5% of China's power generation. By 2030, the installed capacity of coal power will drop to 32.3%, and its power generation capacity will still be maintained at 46%. In the future, the proportion of clean energy power generation will gradually increase. By 2060, the main sources of electricity will be wind power, solar energy, biomass energy, hydropower and nuclear power, accounting for 99.5%.
Forty percent of the electricity consumption will come from photovoltaics. Photovoltaics will gradually become one of the important power sources in China in the future. More than a dozen provinces in China that have issued energy plans for the 14th Five-Year Plan have all made it clear that they need to vigorously increase the scale of photovoltaics. Among them, the installed capacity of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other places will increase by more than half by 2025. According to the forecast of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission and other institutions, by 2050, nearly 40% of China's electricity consumption will come from photovoltaics. With the continuous development of clean energy such as photovoltaics, China will become more stable on the road to achieve "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality". Photovoltaic power generation provides a powerful engine for achieving "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality".
Among the four major links of photovoltaic panel production, China's output accounts for nearly 70% of the world's output, with the lowest reaching nearly 70%, and the highest even approaching 100%. In terms of the number of original patent applications, China surpassed Japan in 2013 to become the largest patent application country.
With the advantages of technology and output, the cost of photovoltaic power generation has fallen by more than 90% in the past ten years. Now in many parts of western China, the price of photovoltaic power is lower than that of thermal power, which has laid a good foundation for the sustainable development of photovoltaic power.
How big the “territory” of photovoltaics can be found through satellites, there is such a change in Dalat Banner, Inner Mongolia.
In the past three years, large squares have appeared in the Kubuqi Desert. After confirmation, this is a row of photovoltaic panels. This alone looks like a horse pattern, which is composed of nearly 200,000 photovoltaic panels. At present, the number of the entire area exceeds 3 million, making it the country's largest desert centralized photovoltaic power generation base. Moreover, the area will be expanded. Once the three-phase project to be launched is completed, the annual power generation capacity of the entire base can reach 4 billion kilowatt-hours, which is equivalent to the electricity demand of the whole society for a year in an economically strong county.
Thousands of miles away in Datong, Shanxi, the former coal mining subsidence area has also been transformed into a photovoltaic base.
In Huainan, Anhui and Jiangyan, Jiangsu, photovoltaic panels built locally provide a good sun-shading effect for fish farming and realize the "complementation of fishing and light."
For 6 consecutive years, China's installed photovoltaic capacity has reached the first place in the world, and renewable energy has achieved rapid development. The Aerospace Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences uses satellite remote sensing images to accurately extract the distribution of photovoltaic bases for us. Each bright spot on the map represents a concentrated photovoltaic power generation area. As of 2019, there are more than 2,600 such areas. This has led to a rapid increase in the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in China.
In 2011, China's installed capacity was only 60% of Japan and the United States, and 6% of the EU's. Since 2013, the country has increased energy conservation and emission reduction efforts, and the photovoltaic industry has developed rapidly. By 2017, China's installed capacity will exceed the total of the European Union.
Conclusion On June 20, 2021, the National Energy Administration issued a document on the promotion of distributed photovoltaics across the county. The document clearly mentions that this is an important measure to achieve the two major national strategies of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" and rural revitalization. It can be expected that the "14th Five-Year Plan" will be a period of rapid growth for distributed development.
Now more and more places have installed photovoltaic power stations, not only industrial and commercial power stations, but also household power stations. It is reported that if there is an idle roof in the home, even for ordinary people, it is very common to seize the opportunity to install a photovoltaic power station and earn some income.
Photovoltaic, as a kind of green and clean energy, has also changed the situation of people's single electricity consumption mode. When you install a photovoltaic power station in your home, not only does it cost nothing to use electricity, but the excess electricity can also be sold to the country to generate revenue. After installing a photovoltaic power station, you can collect money while sitting at home. The monthly income is automatically credited to the account. If there is a subsidy, there will be additional subsidy income. The new change and new pattern of distributed energy reform is that photovoltaics will become an important power source in China in the future.