The global photovoltaic market is growing rapidly
Global: The photovoltaic power generation market is growing rapidly. From 2010 to 2020, the compound annual growth rate of cumulative photovoltaic installed capacity, including off-grid projects, will be 34%.
In 2020, Asian manufacturers accounted for 95% of the total production capacity of c-Si photovoltaic modules. China (Mainland) occupies a leading position, with a share of 67%. Europe contributed 3% of the share; the United States/Canada contributed 2%. In 2020, Europe's share of cumulative photovoltaic installed capacity reached 22%, and in 2019 it was 24%. In contrast, China's installed capacity accounts for 33%.
Focusing on the German market, in 2020, Germany will account for approximately 7.6% (53.6 GWp) of the global cumulative installed photovoltaic capacity (707.5 GWp), with approximately 2 million photovoltaic systems installed. In 2020, Germany's new installed capacity will be approximately 5 GWp; in 2019, it will be 4 GWp. In 2020, photovoltaics will cover 9.2% of Germany's total electricity demand, and all renewable resources will account for about 45%.
Solar cell/module efficiency
The laboratory battery efficiency is recorded as 26.7% of monocrystalline silicon and 24.4% of polycrystalline silicon wafer technology.
The highest laboratory efficiency of thin film technology is 23.4% of CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) and 21.0% of CdTe (cadmium telluride) solar cells. The laboratory efficiency of perovskite batteries is 25.5%, a record.
In the past ten years, the average efficiency of commercial silicon wafer modules has increased from about 15% to 20%. At the same time, the efficiency of CdTe modules has increased from 9% to 19%.
In the laboratory, the best-performing component is a monocrystalline silicon component with an efficiency of 24.4%. The record-breaking efficiency shows that there is the potential to further increase efficiency at the production level.
In the laboratory, the current efficiency of high-density multi-junction solar cells is as high as 47.1%. By using concentrator technology, the module efficiency has reached 38.9%.
Energy recovery
In the past 16 years, due to improved efficiency, thinner silicon wafers, diamond wire saws, and larger silicon ingots, the material consumption of silicon cells has dropped from about 16 grams/Wp to about 3 grams/Wp.
The geographical location determines the energy payback period of the photovoltaic system. Depending on the installation technology and grid efficiency, the photovoltaic system in Northern Europe takes about 1.2 years to balance the input energy, while the southern photovoltaic system can balance the input energy in a year or less.
A photovoltaic system in Sicily uses silicon-based modules with an energy payback period of about one year and a preset life span of 20 years. This system can produce 20 times the energy required to produce this system.
Inverter
The most advanced brand product inverter has an efficiency of 98% and above.
The market share of string inverters is expected to be 64%. These inverters are mainly used in residential, small and medium-sized commercial photovoltaic system applications below 150kWp. Centralized inverters have a market share of approximately 34% and are mainly used in large-scale commercial and utility systems. There is also a small part (about 1%) in the market that belongs to microinverters (for components). DC/DC converters are also called "power optimizers", and their market share is estimated to be 5% of the entire inverter market.
Trends: Digitalization, re-power supply, new functions for grid stabilization and optimization for self-use; energy storage; use of innovative semiconductors (SiC or GaN) that can achieve very high efficiency and compact design; maximum DC string voltage of 1500V.
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