Distributed photovoltaic power generation refers to photovoltaic power generation facilities that are built near user sites and are operated in a manner characterized by spontaneous self-use on the user side, excess electricity being connected to the grid, and balance adjustment in the power distribution system. It follows the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, being clean and efficient, decentralized layout, and utilizing nearby areas, making full use of local solar energy resources to replace and reduce fossil energy consumption.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems usually consist of photovoltaic modules, inverters, grid connections and other parts. Photovoltaic modules are the core part that directly converts solar energy into electrical energy, and the inverter converts the DC power output by the photovoltaic modules into AC power to adapt to the needs of the grid. Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems have a wide range of applications, including rural areas, pastoral areas, mountainous areas, and developing large, medium, and small cities or commercial areas. It can not only solve the electricity needs of local users, but also support the economic operation of the existing distribution network.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems have many advantages, such as relatively small output power, low pollution, outstanding environmental benefits, and the ability to alleviate local power shortages. However, its energy density is relatively low and cannot fundamentally solve the problem of power shortage.
Distributed photovoltaic power generation systems can be divided into grid-connected photovoltaic power stations and off-grid photovoltaic power stations. Grid-connected photovoltaic power plants must be connected to the public grid and rely on the existing power grid to operate; while off-grid photovoltaic power plants do not rely on the power grid and operate independently. The development of distributed photovoltaics also faces some challenges, such as the increasing pressure on the power grid and the increasing scarcity of rooftop resources. However, with the advancement of energy storage technology and the promotion of cross-border cooperation, the development prospects of distributed photovoltaics are still broad.