The photovoltaic power system consists of solar panels, solar controllers, and batteries. If the output power is AC 220V or 110V, an inverter is also required.
1. Solar panels
The solar panel is the core part of the photovoltaic power system, and it is also a relatively high value part of the photovoltaic power system. Its function is to convert the radiant energy of the sun into electrical energy, which can be sent to the battery for storage, and can also drive the load to work. The quality and cost of solar panels will directly determine the quality and cost of the entire system.
2. Solar controller
The function of the solar controller is to control the working state of the entire system, and to protect the battery from overcharge and overdischarge. In places with large temperature difference, qualified solar controller should also have temperature compensation function. Other additional functions such as light control switch and time control switch should be the functions that the solar controller should have.
3. Battery
Usually lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries or lithium batteries can also be used in small systems. Since the input energy of the photovoltaic power system is extremely unstable, it is generally necessary to configure the battery system to work. Its function is to store the electrical energy emitted by the solar panel when there is light, and release it when needed.
4. Inverter
In many occasions, 220VAC, 110VAC AC power supply is required. Because the direct output of solar energy is generally 12VDC, 24VDC, 48VDC. In order to provide power to 220VAC electrical appliances, it is necessary to convert the DC power generated by the photovoltaic power system into AC power, so a DC-AC inverter is required. In some occasions, DC-DC inverters are also used when loads with multiple voltages are required, such as converting 24VDC power into 5VDC power.