Distributed small-scale grid-connected photovoltaic systems, especially building-integrated photovoltaic power generation systems, are the mainstream of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation in developed countries due to their advantages such as small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy support.
Centralized large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power station means that the country uses deserts to build large-scale photovoltaic power stations in a concentrated manner. The power generation is directly integrated into the public power grid and connected to the high-voltage transmission system to supply long-distance loads. Large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power plants are generally national-level power plants. The main feature is that the generated energy is directly transmitted to the grid, and the power grid is uniformly deployed to supply power to users.
The differences and advantages and disadvantages of distributed photovoltaic power plants and centralized photovoltaic power plants:
Distributed photovoltaic power station: mainly based on the surface of the building, solve the user's electricity consumption problem nearby, and realize the compensation and delivery of the power supply balance through grid connection. The advantages are as follows:
The photovoltaic power supply is on the user side, and the power generated is supplied to the local load, which is regarded as a load, which can effectively reduce the dependence on the grid power supply and reduce line loss.
By making full use of the building surface, photovoltaic cells can be used as building materials at the same time, effectively reducing the footprint of photovoltaic power plants.
Effective interface with smart grid and micro grid, flexible operation, independent operation without grid under appropriate conditions.
Centralized photovoltaic power station: make full use of the abundant and relatively stable solar energy resources in desert areas to build large-scale photovoltaic power stations, and connect them to high-voltage transmission systems to supply long-distance loads. The advantages are as follows:
Due to the more flexible site selection, the stability of photovoltaic output has increased, and the positive adjustment of solar radiation and electricity load has been fully utilized.
The operation mode is relatively flexible. Compared with distributed photovoltaics, it is more convenient to control reactive power and voltage, and it is easier to participate in grid frequency regulation.
The construction period is short, the environment adaptability is strong, there is no need for water source, coal-fired transportation and other raw material guarantee, the operation cost is low, it is convenient for centralized management, and it is limited by space, so it can be easily expanded.