A solar cell, also known as a "photovoltaic cell" or "solar chip", is a thin semiconductor sheet that converts light energy into electrical energy. But such flakes are very fragile, and if they are directly placed in the field to generate electricity, it will definitely not work. Therefore, other materials are needed to protect it and encapsulate it into a solar panel before it can be used. So today let's take a look at the components of a solar panel:
1. Solar cells are the core components, which are divided into polycrystalline silicon and monocrystalline silicon cells. Cells are generally relatively small, with two sizes of 125mm and 156mm. It is rectangular, and the cells are closely arranged in series. Usually a panel has 72 or 64 cells.
2. Photovoltaic glass is also called "photoelectric glass", which is a tempered subway glass with very good light transmittance and high hardness. It can adapt to a large temperature difference between day and night and harsh weather conditions. It is covered on the battery sheet to protect the battery sheet.
3. EVA film, the cell is very fragile, the photovoltaic glass cannot be directly attached to it, and the EVA film is required to play a bonding role in the middle. Similarly, there is also an EVA film between the battery board and the backplane to play a bonding role. The light transmittance of EVA film is also very good, but it will turn yellow after contact with air, which will affect the power generation efficiency, so the technical requirements for packaging are very high.
4. Photovoltaic backplane, the backplane also plays a role in protecting the cells, and the backplane must be sealed, insulated, waterproof and anti-aging. The material is generally TPT or TPE material. Generally, the life of the backplane is shorter than that of the glass and aluminum frame, but it can generally reach 25 years. There is also a double-glass module, and the back plate is also made of tempered glass. This double-glass solar panel has better light transmission and higher power generation efficiency.
5. Solar aluminum frame, the solar frame is made of aluminum alloy, and its strength and corrosion resistance are very good. It can play the role of supporting and protecting the entire panel. And the mounting hole of the solar panel is also on the frame, and is connected to the photovoltaic support through the frame.
6. The junction box protects the power generation system of the entire battery board. It is equivalent to a current transfer station. When there is a short circuit in the battery, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string.
7. Silica gel, silica gel is a very good sealing material, used to seal the edge of the solar panel and the solar frame, the panel and the junction box. The overflow groove designed like our solar frame notch is designed to prevent the silicone from overflowing.